Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 10 5 2018 11 23 275 280 EN Vishnu Shenoy Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India Ajay Kumar Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India Kiran Chawla Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India 2017 06 28 2018 08 16 Background and Objectives: Despite high prevalence of MDR-TB in India very limited information about MDR-TB and mutation patterns in rpoB, inhA and katG genes among MDR-isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in south coastal Karnataka region is available; thus present study is an attempt to explore the extent of MDR-TB and mutation patterns prevalent among clinical isolates in this region using GenoType MTBDR plus assay. Materials and Methods: A total of 256 sputum samples from Pulmonary TB patients suspected of MDR-TB were tested by GenoType MTBDR plus as per manufacturer’s guidelines for detection of mutations conferring resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid. The results of GenoType MTBDR plus were recorded and analysed using SPSS version 22. For all analyses, a p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Fifty (19.53%) isolates were found MDR, 32 (12.50%) isolates were found mono-resistant to isoniazid and 15 (5.86%) isolates were found mono-resistant to rifampicin. Eleven isolates (4.3%) were found NTM. Mutation in codon S531L, S315T1 and C15T were most common in rpoB, katG and inhA genes respectively. Unknown mutations were found in 50.77% (33/65), 3.66% (3/82) and 26.83% (22/82) isolates for rpoB, katG and inhA genes respectively. Hetero-resistance in MDR, rifampicin monoresistant and isoniazid monoresistant isolates was found to be 26% (13/50), 20% (3/15) and 34.37% (11/32) respectively. Conclusion: Mutation in codon S531L, S315T1 and C15T were most common mutations associated with MDR-TB. Further high number of isolates showed mutations in unknown regions and hetero-resistance thus more elaborate studies based on sequencing are desirable in this region. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/1409 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/1409/1077