Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 9 6 2018 01 26 381 388 EN Mona Mohammadzadeh Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Setareh Mamishi Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Babak Pourakbari Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shima Mahmoudi Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 06 13 2017 10 31 Despite the availability of relatively effective vaccines, Streptococcus pneumoniae still causes widespread morbidity and mortality. Current vaccines contain free polysaccharides or protein-polysaccharide conjugates, but do not induce protection against serotypes that are not included in the vaccines. Therefore, developing alternative vaccines is of high priority and importance. Several investigators have identified protective antigens common to pneumococci of many or all serotypes. Malley et al. in their study, have recommended unencapsulated whole cells, as an alternative vaccine, a number of such antigens unoccluded by capsule were presented in a native configuration in 2001. This review aimed at presenting this candidate of pneumococcal vaccine and results in an animal model. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/1396 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/1396/768