Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2008-3289 9 5 2017 12 11 257 263 ENGLISH Kanne Padmaja Department of Microbiology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India Sukanya Sudhaharan Department of Microbiology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India Lakshmi Vemu Department of Microbiology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India Oruganti Sai Satish Department of Cardiology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India Padmasri Chavali Department of Microbiology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India Mamidi Neeraja Department of Microbiology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India 2017 05 02 2017 10 07 Background and Objectives: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a microbial infection of the endothelial surface of the cardiacvalves. Rapid diagnosis, effective treatment and prompt recognition of complications are essential, in order to improve the outcome. We retrospectively reviewed and determined the clinical characteristics, microbiological profile and management strategies of IE cases, changing microbial spectrum of pathogens and outcome in Native Valve Endocarditis (NVE) and Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis (PVE) cases. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 191 patients, clinically diagnosed with IE, based on modified Dukes criteria, from January 2011 to December 2016. Blood cultures received from all these patients were processed, using BacT/Alert system (bioMerieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France). Results: Sixty eight (68/191) cases were positive for bacterial pathogens. Twenty four (24/191) cases had PVE and 167/191 had NVE. Nineteen cases (19/24, 79.1%) were PVE positive and forty nine (49/167, 29.3%) were NVE positive. Culture negative endocarditis cases were 123/191 (64.39%). The most common pathogen isolated from NVE cases, in our study was Streptococcus mitis, followed by methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococcus (MRCONS) in PVE. The NVE were treated intravenously with a combination of a β-lactam or glycopeptide with an aminoglycoside, for prolonged period of 4-6 weeks, with a successful outcome. The PVE cases were treated with the appropriate antibiotics as per the antibiotic susceptibility report. Conclusion: The high morbidity and mortality rates are associated with IE and hence accurate identification of aetiological agents and appropriate antimicrobial therapy is required. https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/view/1337 https://ijm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijm/article/download/1337/756